<?php
/**
 * CFPropertyList
 * {@link http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man5/plist.5.html Property Lists}
 * @author Rodney Rehm <rodney.rehm@medialize.de>
 * @author Christian Kruse <cjk@wwwtech.de>
 * @package plist
 * @version $Id$
 * @example example-read-01.php Read an XML PropertyList
 * @example example-read-02.php Read a Binary PropertyList
 * @example example-read-03.php Read a PropertyList without knowing the type
 * @example example-create-01.php Using the CFPropertyList API
 * @example example-create-02.php Using {@link CFTypeDetector}
 * @example example-create-03.php Using {@link CFTypeDetector} with {@link CFDate} and {@link CFData}
 * @example example-modify-01.php Read, modify and save a PropertyList
 */

namespace CFPropertyList;
use \Iterator, \DOMDocument, \DOMException, DOMImplementation, DOMNode;

/**
 * Require IOException, PListException, CFType and CFBinaryPropertyList
 */
require_once(__DIR__.'/IOException.php');
require_once(__DIR__.'/PListException.php');
require_once(__DIR__.'/CFType.php');
require_once(__DIR__.'/CFBinaryPropertyList.php');
require_once(__DIR__.'/CFTypeDetector.php');

/**
 * Property List
 * Interface for handling reading, editing and saving Property Lists as defined by Apple.
 * @author Rodney Rehm <rodney.rehm@medialize.de>
 * @author Christian Kruse <cjk@wwwtech.de>
 * @package plist
 * @example example-read-01.php Read an XML PropertyList
 * @example example-read-02.php Read a Binary PropertyList
 * @example example-read-03.php Read a PropertyList without knowing the type
 * @example example-create-01.php Using the CFPropertyList API
 * @example example-create-02.php Using {@link CFTypeDetector}
 * @example example-create-03.php Using {@link CFTypeDetector} with {@link CFDate} and {@link CFData}
 * @example example-create-04.php Using and extended {@link CFTypeDetector}
 */
class CFPropertyList extends CFBinaryPropertyList implements Iterator {
  /**
   * Format constant for binary format
   * @var integer
   */
  const FORMAT_BINARY = 1;

  /**
   * Format constant for xml format
   * @var integer
   */
  const FORMAT_XML = 2;

  /**
   * Format constant for automatic format recognizing
   * @var integer
   */
  const FORMAT_AUTO = 0;

  /**
   * Path of PropertyList
   * @var string
   */
  protected $file = null;
  
  /**
   * Detected format of PropertyList
   * @var integer
   */
  protected $detectedFormat = null;

  /**
   * Path of PropertyList
   * @var integer
   */
  protected $format = null;

  /**
   * CFType nodes
   * @var array
   */
  protected $value = array();

  /**
   * Position of iterator {@link http://php.net/manual/en/class.iterator.php}
   * @var integer
   */
  protected $iteratorPosition = 0;

  /**
   * List of Keys for numerical iterator access {@link http://php.net/manual/en/class.iterator.php}
   * @var array
   */
  protected $iteratorKeys = null;

  /**
   * List of NodeNames to ClassNames for resolving plist-files
   * @var array
   */
  protected static $types = array(
    'string'  => 'CFString',
    'real'    => 'CFNumber',
    'integer' => 'CFNumber',
    'date'    => 'CFDate',
    'true'    => 'CFBoolean',
    'false'   => 'CFBoolean',
    'data'    => 'CFData',
    'array'   => 'CFArray',
    'dict'    => 'CFDictionary'
 );


  /**
   * Create new CFPropertyList.
   * If a path to a PropertyList is specified, it is loaded automatically.
   * @param string $file Path of PropertyList
   * @param integer $format he format of the property list, see {@link FORMAT_XML}, {@link FORMAT_BINARY} and {@link FORMAT_AUTO}, defaults to {@link FORMAT_AUTO}
   * @throws IOException if file could not be read by {@link load()}
   * @uses $file for storing the current file, if specified
   * @uses load() for loading the plist-file
   */
  public function __construct($file=null,$format=self::FORMAT_AUTO) {
    $this->file = $file;
    $this->format = $format;
    $this->detectedFormat = $format;
    if($this->file) $this->load();
  }

  /**
   * Load an XML PropertyList.
   * @param string $file Path of PropertyList, defaults to {@link $file}
   * @return void
   * @throws IOException if file could not be read
   * @throws DOMException if XML-file could not be read properly
   * @uses load() to actually load the file
   */
  public function loadXML($file=null) {
    $this->load($file,CFPropertyList::FORMAT_XML);
  }

  /**
   * Load an XML PropertyList.
   * @param resource $stream A stream containing the xml document.
   * @return void
   * @throws IOException if stream could not be read
   * @throws DOMException if XML-stream could not be read properly
   */
  public function loadXMLStream($stream) {
    if(($contents = stream_get_contents($stream)) === FALSE) throw IOException::notReadable('<stream>');
    $this->parse($contents,CFPropertyList::FORMAT_XML);
  }

  /**
   * Load an binary PropertyList.
   * @param string $file Path of PropertyList, defaults to {@link $file}
   * @return void
   * @throws IOException if file could not be read
   * @throws PListException if binary plist-file could not be read properly
   * @uses load() to actually load the file
   */
  public function loadBinary($file=null) {
    $this->load($file,CFPropertyList::FORMAT_BINARY);
  }

  /**
   * Load an binary PropertyList.
   * @param stream $stream Stream containing the PropertyList
   * @return void
   * @throws IOException if file could not be read
   * @throws PListException if binary plist-file could not be read properly
   * @uses parse() to actually load the file
   */
  public function loadBinaryStream($stream) {
    if(($contents = stream_get_contents($stream)) === FALSE) throw IOException::notReadable('<stream>');
    $this->parse($contents,CFPropertyList::FORMAT_BINARY);
  }

  /**
   * Load a plist file.
   * Load and import a plist file.
   * @param string $file Path of PropertyList, defaults to {@link $file}
   * @param integer $format The format of the property list, see {@link FORMAT_XML}, {@link FORMAT_BINARY} and {@link FORMAT_AUTO}, defaults to {@link $format}
   * @return void
   * @throws PListException if file format version is not 00
   * @throws IOException if file could not be read
   * @throws DOMException if plist file could not be parsed properly
   * @uses $file if argument $file was not specified
   * @uses $value reset to empty array
   * @uses import() for importing the values
   */
  public function load($file=null,$format=null) {
    $file = $file ? $file : $this->file;
    $format = $format !== null ? $format : $this->format;
    $this->value = array();

    if(!is_readable($file)) throw IOException::notReadable($file);

    switch($format) {
      case CFPropertyList::FORMAT_BINARY:
        $this->readBinary($file);
        break;
      case CFPropertyList::FORMAT_AUTO: // what we now do is ugly, but neccessary to recognize the file format
        $fd = fopen($file,"rb");
        if(($magic_number = fread($fd,8)) === false) throw IOException::notReadable($file);
        fclose($fd);

        $filetype = substr($magic_number,0,6);
        $version  = substr($magic_number,-2);

        if($filetype == "bplist") {
          if($version != "00") throw new PListException("Wrong file format version! Expected 00, got $version!");
          $this->detectedFormat = CFPropertyList::FORMAT_BINARY;
          $this->readBinary($file);
          break;
        }
        $this->detectedFormat = CFPropertyList::FORMAT_XML;
        // else: xml format, break not neccessary
      case CFPropertyList::FORMAT_XML:
        $doc = new DOMDocument();
        if(!$doc->load($file)) throw new DOMException();
        $this->import($doc->documentElement, $this);
        break;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Parse a plist string.
   * Parse and import a plist string.
   * @param string $str String containing the PropertyList, defaults to {@link $content}
   * @param integer $format The format of the property list, see {@link FORMAT_XML}, {@link FORMAT_BINARY} and {@link FORMAT_AUTO}, defaults to {@link $format}
   * @return void
   * @throws PListException if file format version is not 00
   * @throws IOException if file could not be read
   * @throws DOMException if plist file could not be parsed properly
   * @uses $content if argument $str was not specified
   * @uses $value reset to empty array
   * @uses import() for importing the values
   */
  public function parse($str=NULL,$format=NULL) {
    $format = $format !== null ? $format : $this->format;
    $str = $str !== null ? $str : $this->content;
    $this->value = array();

    switch($format) {
      case CFPropertyList::FORMAT_BINARY:
        $this->parseBinary($str);
        break;
      case CFPropertyList::FORMAT_AUTO: // what we now do is ugly, but neccessary to recognize the file format
        if(($magic_number = substr($str,0,8)) === false) throw IOException::notReadable("<string>");

        $filetype = substr($magic_number,0,6);
        $version  = substr($magic_number,-2);

        if($filetype == "bplist") {
          if($version != "00") throw new PListException("Wrong file format version! Expected 00, got $version!");
          $this->detectedFormat = CFPropertyList::FORMAT_BINARY;
          $this->parseBinary($str);
          break;
        }
        $this->detectedFormat = CFPropertyList::FORMAT_XML;
        // else: xml format, break not neccessary
      case CFPropertyList::FORMAT_XML:
        $doc = new DOMDocument();
        if(!$doc->loadXML($str)) throw new DOMException();
        $this->import($doc->documentElement, $this);
        break;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Convert a DOMNode into a CFType.
   * @param DOMNode $node Node to import children of
   * @param CFDictionary|CFArray|CFPropertyList $parent
   * @return void
   */
  protected function import(DOMNode $node, $parent) {
    // abort if there are no children
    if(!$node->childNodes->length) return;

    foreach($node->childNodes as $n) {
      // skip if we can't handle the element
      if(!isset(self::$types[$n->nodeName])) continue;

      $class = 'CFPropertyList\\'.self::$types[$n->nodeName];
      $key = null;

      // find previous <key> if possible
      $ps = $n->previousSibling;
      while($ps && $ps->nodeName == '#text' && $ps->previousSibling) $ps = $ps->previousSibling;

      // read <key> if possible
      if($ps && $ps->nodeName == 'key') $key = $ps->firstChild->nodeValue;

      switch($n->nodeName) {
        case 'date':
          $value = new $class(CFDate::dateValue($n->nodeValue));
          break;
        case 'data':
          $value = new $class($n->nodeValue,true);
          break;
        case 'string':
          $value = new $class($n->nodeValue);
          break;

        case 'real':
        case 'integer':
          $value = new $class($n->nodeName == 'real' ? floatval($n->nodeValue) : intval($n->nodeValue));
          break;

        case 'true':
        case 'false':
          $value = new $class($n->nodeName == 'true');
          break;

        case 'array':
        case 'dict':
          $value = new $class();
          $this->import($n, $value);
          break;
      }

      // Dictionaries need a key
      if($parent instanceof CFDictionary) $parent->add($key, $value);
      // others don't
      else $parent->add($value);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Convert CFPropertyList to XML and save to file.
   * @param string $file Path of PropertyList, defaults to {@link $file}
   * @return void
   * @throws IOException if file could not be read
   * @uses $file if $file was not specified
   */
  public function saveXML($file) {
    $this->save($file,CFPropertyList::FORMAT_XML);
  }

  /**
   * Convert CFPropertyList to binary format (bplist00) and save to file.
   * @param string $file Path of PropertyList, defaults to {@link $file}
   * @return void
   * @throws IOException if file could not be read
   * @uses $file if $file was not specified
   */
  public function saveBinary($file) {
    $this->save($file,CFPropertyList::FORMAT_BINARY);
  }

  /**
   * Convert CFPropertyList to XML or binary and save to file.
   * @param string $file Path of PropertyList, defaults to {@link $file}
   * @param string $format Format of PropertyList, defaults to {@link $format}
   * @return void
   * @throws IOException if file could not be read
   * @throws PListException if evaluated $format is neither {@link FORMAT_XML} nor {@link FORMAL_BINARY}
   * @uses $file if $file was not specified
   * @uses $format if $format was not specified
   */
  public function save($file=null,$format=null) {
    $file = $file ? $file : $this->file;
    $format = $format ? $format : $this->format;
    if($format == self::FORMAT_AUTO)$format = $this->detectedFormat;

    if( !in_array( $format, array( self::FORMAT_BINARY, self::FORMAT_XML ) ) )
      throw new PListException( "format {$format} is not supported, use CFPropertyList::FORMAT_BINARY or CFPropertyList::FORMAT_XML" );

    if(!file_exists($file)) {
      // dirname("file.xml") == "" and is treated as the current working directory
      if(!is_writable(dirname($file))) throw IOException::notWritable($file);
    }
    else if(!is_writable($file)) throw IOException::notWritable($file);

    $content = $format == self::FORMAT_BINARY ? $this->toBinary() : $this->toXML();

    $fh = fopen($file, 'wb');
    fwrite($fh,$content);
    fclose($fh);
  }

  /**
   * Convert CFPropertyList to XML
   * @param bool $formatted Print plist formatted (i.e. with newlines and whitespace indention) if true; defaults to false
   * @return string The XML content
   */
  public function toXML($formatted=false) {
    $domimpl = new DOMImplementation();
    // <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
    $dtd = $domimpl->createDocumentType('plist', '-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN', 'http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd');
    $doc = $domimpl->createDocument(null, "plist", $dtd);
    $doc->encoding = "UTF-8";

    // format output
    if($formatted) {
      $doc->formatOutput = true;
      $doc->preserveWhiteSpace = true;
    }

    // get documentElement and set attribs
    $plist = $doc->documentElement;
    $plist->setAttribute('version', '1.0');

    // add PropertyList's children
    $plist->appendChild($this->getValue(true)->toXML($doc));

    return $doc->saveXML();
  }


  /************************************************************************************************
   *    M A N I P U L A T I O N
   ************************************************************************************************/

  /**
   * Add CFType to collection.
   * @param CFType $value CFType to add to collection
   * @return void
   * @uses $value for adding $value
   */
  public function add(CFType $value=null) {
    // anything but CFType is null, null is an empty string - sad but true
    if( !$value )
      $value = new CFString();

    $this->value[] = $value;
  }

  /**
   * Get CFType from collection.
   * @param integer $key Key of CFType to retrieve from collection
   * @return CFType CFType found at $key, null else
   * @uses $value for retrieving CFType of $key
   */
  public function get($key) {
    if(isset($this->value[$key])) return $this->value[$key];
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Generic getter (magic)
   *
   * @param integer $key Key of CFType to retrieve from collection
   * @return CFType CFType found at $key, null else
   * @author Sean Coates <sean@php.net>
   * @link http://php.net/oop5.overloading
   */
  public function __get($key) {
    return $this->get($key);
  }

  /**
   * Remove CFType from collection.
   * @param integer $key Key of CFType to removes from collection
   * @return CFType removed CFType, null else
   * @uses $value for removing CFType of $key
   */
  public function del($key) {
    if(isset($this->value[$key])) {
      $t = $this->value[$key];
      unset($this->value[$key]);
      return $t;
    }

    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Empty the collection
   * @return array the removed CFTypes
   * @uses $value for removing CFType of $key
   */
  public function purge() {
    $t = $this->value;
    $this->value = array();
    return $t;
  }

  /**
   * Get first (and only) child, or complete collection.
   * @param string $cftype if set to true returned value will be CFArray instead of an array in case of a collection
   * @return CFType|array CFType or list of CFTypes known to the PropertyList
   * @uses $value for retrieving CFTypes
   */
  public function getValue($cftype=false) {
    if(count($this->value) === 1) {
      $t = array_values( $this->value );
      return $t[0];
	}
    if($cftype) {
      $t = new CFArray();
      foreach( $this->value as $value ) {
        if( $value instanceof CFType ) $t->add($value);
      }
      return $t;
    }
    return $this->value;
  }

  /**
   * Create CFType-structure from guessing the data-types.
   * The functionality has been moved to the more flexible {@link CFTypeDetector} facility.
   * @param mixed $value Value to convert to CFType
   * @param array $options Configuration for casting values [autoDictionary, suppressExceptions, objectToArrayMethod, castNumericStrings]
   * @return CFType CFType based on guessed type
   * @uses CFTypeDetector for actual type detection
   * @deprecated
   */
  public static function guess($value, $options=array()) {
    static $t = null;
    if( $t === null )
      $t = new CFTypeDetector( $options );

    return $t->toCFType( $value );
  }


  /************************************************************************************************
   *    S E R I A L I Z I N G
   ************************************************************************************************/

  /**
   * Get PropertyList as array.
   * @return mixed primitive value of first (and only) CFType, or array of primitive values of collection
   * @uses $value for retrieving CFTypes
   */
  public function toArray() {
    $a = array();
    foreach($this->value as $value) $a[] = $value->toArray();
    if(count($a) === 1) return $a[0];

    return $a;
  }


  /************************************************************************************************
   *    I T E R A T O R   I N T E R F A C E
   ************************************************************************************************/

  /**
   * Rewind {@link $iteratorPosition} to first position (being 0)
   * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.rewind.php
   * @return void
   * @uses $iteratorPosition set to 0
   * @uses $iteratorKeys store keys of {@link $value}
   */
  public function rewind() {
    $this->iteratorPosition = 0;
    $this->iteratorKeys = array_keys($this->value);
  }

  /**
   * Get Iterator's current {@link CFType} identified by {@link $iteratorPosition}
   * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.current.php
   * @return CFType current Item
   * @uses $iteratorPosition identify current key
   * @uses $iteratorKeys identify current value
   */
  public function current() {
    return $this->value[$this->iteratorKeys[$this->iteratorPosition]];
  }

  /**
   * Get Iterator's current key identified by {@link $iteratorPosition}
   * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.key.php
   * @return string key of the current Item
   * @uses $iteratorPosition identify current key
   * @uses $iteratorKeys identify current value
   */
  public function key() {
    return $this->iteratorKeys[$this->iteratorPosition];
  }

  /**
   * Increment {@link $iteratorPosition} to address next {@see CFType}
   * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.next.php
   * @return void
   * @uses $iteratorPosition increment by 1
   */
  public function next() {
    $this->iteratorPosition++;
  }

  /**
   * Test if {@link $iteratorPosition} addresses a valid element of {@link $value}
   * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.valid.php
   * @return boolean true if current position is valid, false else
   * @uses $iteratorPosition test if within {@link $iteratorKeys}
   * @uses $iteratorPosition test if within {@link $value}
   */
  public function valid() {
    return isset($this->iteratorKeys[$this->iteratorPosition]) && isset($this->value[$this->iteratorKeys[$this->iteratorPosition]]);
  }

}

# eof